BREWING BY NUMBERS - Well, by dates, actually.

736		Earliest reference to a European hop garden in the Hallertau
769		French King Pipin gives deed of gift which includes a hop garden
1000		Hops recorded as being used for rent payment in Europe.
1070		Hops recorded in Magdeburg and property claims made over wild hops in hedgerows.
1079		Abbess Hildegarde of Bingen makes reference to the addition of hops to beers.
1307		Brewers and other specific trade forbidden from using coal in London
1346		Bishop of Utrecht notes that hops have been in use for 30-50 years and petitins Emperor Charles IV to allow a hop tax.
1400		Hopped beer imported into UK for first time at Winchelsea
1420		A report of Munich Town Council makes reference to bottom fermentation
1437		Brewers Company founded, and prohibited from using hops.
1473		London records show presence of Dutch brewers using hops, just as in Hamburg 100 years previously.
1487		Duke Albecht IV of Muncih passes an early purity law stating beer is only to be made with water, malt and hops.
1493		Beer brewers (using hops) recognised as a craft.
1493		German Landsheit region passes its own purtiy law.
1500		Arbishop of Cologne agrees to take rent inlieu of his rights to the Gruit monopoly
1516		Bavarian Dukes Wilheml IV and Ludwig X introduce the Reinheitsgebot.
1524	circa	Possible date of hop cultivation in Kent.
1531		Ale barrel fixed at 32 gallons capacity, beer barrel at m36 galoons in England.
1533		Prince Maximiliam declares that anyone wishing to brew in Summer must obtain permission and sets brewing season as between Michelmas Day (Sept 29) and St George's Day (April 23).
1543		English Parliament fixes that no vessel larger than a barrel may be used to export ale or beer and exery exporter must undertake to import as much wood as used for export.
1555		Export of beer fro England temporarily forbidden to preserve domestic cereal stocks.
1585		Stowe records 26 London breweries producing 648,900 barrels, vast majority of output was from the Southwark Brewers.
1587		Records suggest that few farmers in SE England were 'without hops'
1592		Hop cultivation reaches North Wales.
1601		A Mr Carr applies to Parliament for a 'Patent for Brewing Beer to be Transported'. i.e. the world's first 'export' beer.
1603		Cologne brewers and authorities agree to ban bottom fermenting brewing - ostensibly because they found the beers too strong, more likely their micro-climate was not conducive to bottom fermentation.
1614		First English beer tax. A 4d levy on a quarter of malt.
1617		English beer exports reported as very popular in Netherlands and Germany, largely due to quality of English hops.
1634		First English brewing patent.
1637		Royal proclamation that no one engaged in another trade could be a brewer os a maltster, to facilitate ext collection. Ignored.
1654		Statue allows for three strengths of beer: Best, Second and Small
1674		Private allowances for East Indiamen were 5 tons outward, helping seed Indian beer market.
1677		First reference to 'Stout', which seems to have meant 'strong beer'.
1692		Beer tax rises starts move towards creation of porter by encougaging mixing beers.
1698		Trent Navigation Act paves way for Burton beers to reach the outside world.
1710		Bittering agents other than hops banned in England, especailly as benefits to poor of harvest work were recongised.
1712		Navigation of the Trent completed.
1730	circa	Isinglass discovered.
1730	circa decade	Gin fever depressed beer market
1733		Patent for pressing and packing hops to get 4 cwt of hops into a 2 foot cube.
1733	circa	Recongition that hops degrade and tight pockets developed.
1735		London & Country Brewer does not mention Porter, but does by the 1739 edition.
1737		Mollasses and sugars prohibited as brewing adjuncts. Penalty of £50 per pound found in a brewhosue.
1738		Largest English hop garden was 38 acres.
1740	circa	Benefits of maturation in vat rather than in butt realised.
1748		Clavert's breweries both first Porter brewers to brew over 50,000 barrels
1750		100 acre hop garden recorded.
1755		Combrune recommends use of thermometer in brewing, diffusion through industry slow.
1760		Patent for isinglass manufacture
1769		James Baverstock is first brewer to use hydrometer to measure hop extract.
1780		Hydrometer patented, though invented earlier.
1780		Hop varities named for the first time, Williams and Jones popular, Goldings to come shortly after.
1784		Hydrometer use spreading rapidly througout brewing industry.
1784		First brewery installs a steam engine - Henry Goodwyn's of St Katherine's Brewey.
1785		Whitbread installs steam engine.
1785		William Calvert Brewery introduces steam
1787		First patent for mashing machinery
1788		Barclay Perkins install steam.
1789		First steam engine installed in a brewery outside London.
1790		First patent for apparatus for cooling worts. Ignored.
1791		Royal Navy adopts attemperators for us in naval brewhouses.
1796		Whitbread first brewery to brew over 200,000 barrels
1796		Dried yeast developed
1797		Joseph Bramah patents the beer engine.
1801		Patent for wort chiller using cold water.
1806		Baltic market closed to Burton brewers.
1809		Baltic market re-opened to Burton brewers.
1814		Frist steam engine installed at Trumans
1815		Barclay's first brewery to brew over 300,00 barrels
1817		Daniel Shears patents first true heat exchanger
1817		Daniel Wheeler patents a drum roaster and invents 'patent malt's which spread rapidly.
1819		Only 10% of Barclays London business was in Entire Porter, rest was 'mild'.
1820	circa decade	Gin fever depressed beer market
1821		Mark Hodgson expands the worlds first IPA brewery in London to satisfy increased demand from India.
1822		Porter brewery urg, opened in St Petersburg protective tariffs shut Russian market to Burton forever.
1822		Wilson and Allsopp changs its name to Samuel Allsopp and Sons, reflecting fact that Wilson name was only of value in now defunct Baltic market.
1822		Samuel Allsopp decides to investigate the India market.
1830		Scots brewers invent sparging machines.
1830		Beer Act creates thousands of 'beer shops' overnight.
1833		Payen and Persoz discover Diastase and the fact that it is destroyed by heat.
1833		London ale brewers Charrington start brewing porter
1834		London Porter brewers Whitbread start brewing ale.
1836		12 principal London brewers brewed 2,199,477 barrels from 526,092 quarters of malt.
1840		Bass develop Union system.
1845		Abolition of glass duty, accelerates decline of porter, and popularity of bottled beer.
1851		Great Exhibition exploited by Burton brewers as a wonderful marketing opportunity in London and worldwide.
1852		Allegation by French chemist that Burton brewers use strychnine to achieve bitterness, vigourously resisted, openess of Burton brewers in refuting the claims gives fillip to reputation for wholesomeness.
1853		Steel's Masher invented
1856		London brewers Ind Coope open a brewery in Burton - the only London firm to find long term success there.
1860		Hop tax abolished.
1869	circa	Sparging arrives in Burton.
1870		Guinness install 4 refrigeration sets with ether as refrigerant.
1871		London brewers Charrington open a brewery in Burton.
1874		Truman open a Pale Ale brewery in Burton
1875		London brewers Mann & Crossman open a brewery in Burton.
1875		Fuggle hop developed
1876		Linde Co. devise the ammonia absorbtion refrigerator, by 1908 over half the 2,600 made are installed in breweries.
1878		Brewing industry estimated to contribute around one third of ALL UK government income.
1878		Science adopts the word 'Enzyme' which means 'in yeast.'
1878		English acreage of hops reaches all time high of circa 72,000 acres
1879		There are 22,278 breweries in the UK
1880	circa decade	Bottled beers become increasingly popular, especially with middle classes.
1880		Average strength of beer = 1057°
1880		Beer duty introduced on wort original gravity
1880	circa decade	Larger brewers manage to introduce all year round brewing.
1882		English hop crop fails, helps accelerate the move toward the new running beers, which were deliberatley more 'lager-like'.
1887		Number of UK breweries falls to 12,944 as result of 1880 beer duty introduction.
1888		One of Guinesses's ether refrigeration sets explodes.
1889		Average strength of beer = 1055°
1890	circa	Isobarometric bottle fillers in use.
1892		Crown cork patented in US.
1895		Noted that within last ten years runnign bitters are replacing pale ales.
1897		Principle of chill proofing estblished.
1900	circa	Glass has totally replaced pewter or stoneware for serving beer.
1907		Average strength of beer = 1048°

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